UNEC METAB Subjective Test Questions 2024

This post contains likely subjective questions on the BIC 222 Metabolism test for second-year students in the College of Medicine, UNEC.

BIC 222 is a second semester biochemistry course offered by the following departments in the University of Nigeria Enugu Campus.

• Medicine and Surgery
• Dentistry
• Medical Rehabilitation
• Medical Laboratory Science
• Radiography
• Nursing Science
• Human Anatomy
• Human Physiology
• Molecular Biology

Here are the likely questions.

1. Lacteal is a lymphatic capillary of the small intestine that absorbs dietary fats.
2. Pancreatic trypsin inhibitor effectively prevents premature production of active proteolytic enzymes within the pancreatic cells.
3. Micelle is a tiny sphere with polar (hydrophilic) ends facing the watery environment and hydrophobic tails turned to the interior, creating a receptive environment for the long-chain fatty acids.
4. Chylomicron is a water-soluble lipoprotein, made up of triglycerides are mixed with phospholipids and cholesterol and surrounded by a protein coat.
5. Lipoprotein lipase breaks down the triglycerides of the chylomicrons in the blood into free fatty acids and glycerol.
6. Lactose intolerance is a digestive disorder caused by the inability to digest lactose.
7. Glucose-galactose malabsorption (GGM) is the inability of the small intestine to absorb and use glucose and galactose (simple sugars).
8. The disorder of lipid absorption caused by a deficit in bile secretion of pancreatic juice into the intestine is called steatorrhea.
9. In alcoholic fermentation, glucose is converted to alcohol and CO_2.
10. Substrate level phosphorylation is the synthesis of ATP coupled to the conversion of a substrate to a product.
11. Glycolysis produces a total of 2 molecules of pyruvate, 2 molecules of ATP, 2 molecules of NADH.
12. PFK-I is the major regulatory enzyme of glycolysis.
13. Glycolysis is used to produce pyruvate for alanine synthesis.
14. The best-known inhibitors of the glycolytic pathway are 2-deoxyglucose, sulfhydryl reagents, fluoride and magnesium.
15. NADH produced in G3P-DH₂ase is used as a reducing agent in the reduction of pyruvate to lactate.
16. The Krebs cycle occurs in the matrix of mitochondria.
17. The ATP synthesis from NADH and FADH₂ in ETC occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
18. The overall role of the components of ETC is to transfer electrons from NADH and FADH₂ to molecular oxygen.
19. Electrons in ETC move from complex I to complex III through CoQ.
20. Proton translocation is the transport of proton across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
21. There is no ATP synthesis at complex II of the ETChain because of the absence of proton translocation.
22. The Chemiosmotic hypothesis is the most accepted hypothesis for the mechanism of electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation. It was proposed by Peter Mitchell.
23. The movement of electrons along the ETChain creates electrochemical potential energy called proton motive force (PMF).
24. Uncoupling agents are substances that cause the collapse of the proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
25. Hexose monophosphate shunt (HMP) is an alternative pathway for complete glucose oxidation.
26. Pentose shunt occurs in the cytoplasm of all cells except muscle, and nonlactating mammary gland (low activity).
27. Gluconeogenesis is the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources.
28. In the liver, fructose is converted to fructose-1-phosphate by fructokinase.
29. Aldolase B converts fructose-1-phosphate to dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde
30. Fructosuria is caused by a deficiency of fructokinase.
31. Hereditary Fructose Intolerance is caused by deficiency of Aldolase B
32. Galactose is converted to Galactose-1-Phosphate by galactokinase in the liver.
33. The exchange of glucose with Galactose to give UDP-Gal and Glu-1- P is catalyzed by uridyl transferase.
34. UDP-Gal is converted to UDP-Glu by epimerase.
35. Galactosemia is a hereditary disorder caused by deficiency of Uridyl transferase
36. Galactosuria results from a deficiency of galactokinase
37. The major storage form of carbohydrates in the body is Glycogen.
38. The synthesis of glycogen occurs in 4 steps, namely; activation of glucose, initiation reaction, elongation reaction and branching.
39. The two principal enzymes of glycogen metabolism are dephosphorylated by a protein phosphatase using water.
40. Von Gierke’s disease is characterized by decreased activity or total absence of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase.
41. Cori’s disease is also called limit dextrinosis or Forbes disease.
42. Lingual lipase begins some enzymatic digestion of triglycerides, cleaving individual fatty acids from the glycerol backbone.
43. Chylomicrons are large structures with a core of triglycerides and cholesterol and an outer membrane made up of phospholipids, interspersed with proteins and cholesterol.
44. Triacylglycerol is the predominant lipid in chylomicrons and VLDL.
45.  Cholesterol and phospholipid are the predominant lipids in LDL and HDL respectively.
46. The protein moiety of lipoprotein is known as an apolipoprotein.
47. Acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate serve as an important source of energy for peripheral tissues.
48. Acetoacetate is activated to acetoacetyl CoA by a mitochondria enzyme thiophorase (succinyl CoA Acetoacetate CoA transferase).
49. Ketosis occurs when the rate of synthesis of ketone bodies exceeds the rate of utilization resulting in ketonemia.
50. Ketonuria represents the excretion of ketone bodies in urine.
51. The ketogenic substance is dietary compounds that promote ketone body formation.
52. Citrate shuttle is used to carry acetyl Co A from the mitochondrial matrix to the cytosol
53. Acetyl Co-A which is the major starting material is produced in the mitochondria by the oxidation of pyruvate, fatty acids degradation or carbon skeleton of certain amino acids and ketone bodies
54. The formation of malonyl CoA is the committed step in the fatty acid synthesis
55. Each cycle of the fatty acid synthesis involves four steps: Condensation, Reduction, Dehydration and Reduction
56. The overall stoichiometry for fatty acid synthesis is:

Acetyl CoA + 7 Malonyl CoA + 14NADPH → Palmitate + 14NADP+ + 8CoA + 7COThe three polyunsaturated essential fatty acids are linoleic acid, linolenic and arachidonic acid

57. Eicosanoids are derived from eicosapolyenoic fatty acid and are classified into prostanoids and leukotrines (LTA) & lipoxins (LX).

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